Recognizing the signs to take your dog to the vet is crucial for keeping your furry friend healthy and happy.
I’ll never forget when my Pomeranian became unusually lethargic, a subtle change that turned out to be a serious kidney infection requiring immediate care.
This guide will help you spot key warning signs, like sudden weight changes or persistent vomiting, and know when professional care is needed for your dog.
General Signs Your Dog Needs To See a Vet

Changes in your dog’s behavior, appetite, or weight can indicate underlying health issues that require attention.
Behavioral shifts such as lethargy, aggression, or clinginess may signal pain, illness, or emotional distress.
Similarly, sudden changes in eating, drinking, or weight can be red flags for serious conditions like diabetes, infections, or hormonal imbalances.
Monitoring these signs closely and acting promptly ensures your dog receives the care they need to stay healthy and comfortable.
Changes in Behavior
Dogs often communicate health issues through changes in their behavior. Observing these changes can help you identify when your pet needs professional care.
Lethargy, or an unusual lack of energy, is one of the most noticeable indicators.
If your normally active dog seems disinterested in play or daily activities, it could signal an underlying problem such as illness, pain, or even emotional distress.
Sudden aggression or withdrawal can also indicate a health issue. A dog that becomes irritable or defensive may be experiencing pain or discomfort. On the other hand, a previously social dog that isolates itself or hides may be dealing with stress, anxiety, or illness.
Excessive clinginess or restlessness is another key behavior to watch for. A dog that suddenly becomes overly needy or constantly follows you around could seek comfort due to pain or fear. Restlessness, such as pacing or inability to settle, might indicate discomfort or an internal issue.
Appetite and Excessive Thirst
Changes in your dog’s eating or drinking habits are significant health indicators. If they refuse to eat or drink for more than 24 hours is a red flag. Dogs have varying appetites, but a complete lack of interest in food could indicate issues like gastrointestinal distress, dental problems, or systemic illness. Refusal to drink water could quickly lead to dehydration, which is a medical emergency.
Excessive thirst or urination is another critical sign to monitor. While some fluctuations in water intake are normal, a noticeable increase in drinking can point to conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or infections. Dogs experiencing these conditions may also urinate more frequently, potentially with accidents in the house.
Sudden Weight Loss or Gain
Unexplained and sudden changes in your dog’s weight are concerning and may indicate underlying health problems. Significant weight loss can result from a variety of conditions, including parasites, cancer, or chronic diseases such as diabetes. If your dog’s ribs, spine, or hips become more prominent despite a consistent diet, it’s time to contact your veterinarian.
Rapid or unexplained weight gain is equally troubling. It could be a hormonal imbalance such as hypothyroidism or Cushing’s disease. Fluid retention, often mistaken for weight gain, may also be a sign of heart or liver problems. It’s essential to differentiate between fat accumulation and swelling caused by medical conditions.
Maintaining a consistent feeding routine and tracking your dog’s weight periodically can help you detect abnormal changes early. If you notice a marked difference in weight over a short period, your veterinarian may recommend blood tests, imaging, or dietary adjustments to address the issue.
Physical Symptoms to Watch For

Recognizing early signs of health problems in your dog is vital for ensuring their well being.
Symptoms like digestive issues, respiratory distress, skin and coat abnormalities, pain, eye or ear problems, and dental discomfort often indicate underlying health concerns.
“Over 80% of dogs over the age of 3 show some signs of active dental disease” [Source: Dogster]
By monitoring these symptoms and seeking timely veterinary care, you can address potential problems early, and prevent complications.
Digestive Issues
Digestive issues are common in dogs but can signal serious health concerns if persistent. Vomiting or diarrhea lasting more than 24 hours is a warning sign. Occasional vomiting may occur due to minor dietary indiscretions, but prolonged symptom problems such as infections, pancreatitis, or food intolerances. Blood in vomit or stool is especially concerning and you should visit the vet immediately.
Bloating or abdominal pain are critical warning signs you should take seriously. that should not be ignored. Bloat, or gastric torsion, is a life threatening condition where the stomach twists and traps gas, causing severe discomfort and swelling.
Other causes of abdominal pain, such as intestinal blockages or infections, can also lead to your pet being lethargic and a lose its appetite.
Symptoms to watch for:
- Vomiting multiple times a day.
- Diarrhea that is watery or contains blood.
- Hard or distended abdomen.
- Whining or resistance to touch around the stomach.
Dogs do not get hemorrhoids. Sometimes the anal sacs will abscess, leaving a small wound. Please do not use Preparation H on your dog. It is very unpleasant for your pet.
Respiratory Problems
Respiratory issues in dogs can range from mild to severe and require close monitoring. Labored or rapid breathing, also known as dyspnea, is a significant concern. Dogs may breathe heavily after exercise, but continuous difficulty breathing at rest suggests conditions like heart disease, pneumonia, or asthma.
Watch for open mouth breathing or flared nostrils as additional signs.
Persistent coughing or sneezing can indicate underlying health problems. Chronic coughing may result from kennel cough, bronchitis, or heart disease, while sneezing can point to allergies or respiratory infections. If the coughing produces blood or mucus, visit your local veterinary hospital immediately.
Key indicators of respiratory distress:
- Wheezing or crackling sounds while breathing.
- Bluish gums or tongue.
- Nasal discharge, particularly if thick or yellow.
Your veterinarian will likely perform chest X-rays, blood tests, or other diagnostics to assess the issue. Timely treatment can involve antibiotics, bronchodilators, or oxygen therapy, depending on the cause.
Skin and Coat Changes
Changes in your dog’s skin or coat are visible signs of health issues. Unusual lumps or bumps, especially if they grow quickly or feel firm, can signal cysts, infections, or even tumors. While some growths are benign, any sudden changes should be evaluated by a veterinarian to rule out cancer.
Redness, rashes, or hair loss often indicate skin irritation or allergies. Common causes include fleas, mites, or contact with irritants like certain plants or chemicals. Hair loss around specific areas could also point to conditions like mange or fungal infections.
Checklist of skin changes to monitor:
- Crusty or scaly patches.
- Excessive scratching or licking.
- Discharge or foul odors from affected areas.
Regular dog grooming and inspections can help you identify changes early. If you notice persistent issues, your vet clinic may recommend skin tests, allergy management, or medicated shampoos.
Pain or Discomfort
Pain in dogs often manifests through changes in mobility and behavior. Limping or difficulty moving can result from injuries, arthritis, or neurological issues. Watch for signs such as reluctance to climb stairs, stiffness after resting, or favoring one limb over another.
Whining, yelping, or sensitivity to touch are clear indicators of discomfort. Dogs in pain may also avoid being handled or show defensive reactions. Behavioral changes, like hiding or aggression, can accompany physical signs of pain.
Common causes of pain include:
- Joint inflammation or sprains.
- Dental issues affecting the jaw or mouth.
- Internal injuries or conditions.
If these symptoms persist, consult your veterinarian for a thorough evaluation. Diagnostic tools like X-rays or physical exams can help pinpoint the cause, and treatments may include pain management medications, physical therapy, or surgery.
Eye, Ear, and Nose Issues
Problems with the eyes, ears, or nose are often visible and can escalate if untreated. Red or swollen eyes may indicate conjunctivitis, glaucoma, or irritation from allergens. If left untreated, some conditions can impair vision permanently.
Discharge from the eyes, nose, or ears is another key sign. Thick or colored discharge often signals infections like sinusitis or ear infections. In the ears, additional symptoms like head shaking or scratching may occur.
Unpleasant odors, especially from the ears or nose, can be bacterial or yeast infections. Foul smelling breath might also point to dental or respiratory issues.
Signs to watch for:
- Cloudy or watery eyes.
- Crust around the nostrils.
- Frequent ear scratching or head tilting.
Veterinary care for these symptoms may include cleaning, medicated drops, or surgical interventions for severe cases. Regular cleaning and grooming can help prevent many of these issues and maintain your dog’s comfort.
Dental Problems
Dental issues are common but often overlooked in dogs. Difficulty eating or chewing is a primary symptom of oral discomfort. Your dog may drop food, avoid hard treats, or favor one side of the mouth. This behavior often points to conditions like broken teeth, oral infections, or gum disease.
Bad breath, or halitosis, is another sign of dental problems. While most dogs have some type of dog bad breath, a strong or foul smell can be an infection, decayed teeth, or tartar buildup. Swollen, red, or bleeding gums are also signs of gingivitis, which, if untreated, can progress to periodontal disease.
Checklist of dental concerns:
- Visible tartar or plaque.
- Loose or missing teeth.
- Excessive drooling or pawing at the mouth.
Routine dental care, including professional cleanings and home brushing, can prevent many issues. If problems are detected, your veterinarian may recommend cleaning, extractions, or antibiotics for infections.
Preventive Veterinary Care

Preventive veterinary care is essential to keep your dog healthy and catch potential issues early.
Regular checkups are the cornerstone of this care, providing an opportunity for your veterinarian to perform a thorough examination.
Annual or biannual visits allow the vet to assess your dog’s overall health, monitor weight, check vital signs, and identify any changes since the last visit. Routine bloodwork and diagnostic tests may also be conducted to catch underlying issues before they progress.
Vaccinations are a critical part of preventive care.
Core vaccines, such as rabies and distemper, protect against threatening diseases, while non-core vaccines like Lyme disease and leptospirosis are recommended based on your dog’s lifestyle and exposure risks. These vaccinations should be updated regularly. Depending on your dog’s age, there is a recommeneded dog vaccination schedule.
Parasite prevention is another essential component. Flea, tick, and heartworm prevention treatments protect your dog from infestations and diseases like Lyme disease or heartworm, which can be fatal if untreated.
For senior dogs, monitoring for chronic conditions becomes increasingly important. Regular screenings for arthritis, kidney disease, or diabetes can help manage these issues effectively. Preventive care tailored to your dog’s age and health ensures a longer, healthier life.
Schedule An Appointment
If your dog is experiencing any of the above symptoms, feel free to call us if you have any questions.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I know if I should take my dog to the vet?
Take your dog to the vet if you notice:
- Behavioral changes: Lethargy, aggression, or withdrawal.
- Appetite issues: Refusal to eat or drink for over 24 hours.
- Digestive problems: Persistent vomiting or diarrhea.
- Respiratory signs: Labored breathing or coughing.
- Skin and coat changes: Lumps, rashes, or hair loss.
- Mobility issues: Limping or difficulty moving.
- Unusual symptoms: Discharge, bad breath, or swollen areas.
Regular checkups are also crucial, even without symptoms, to monitor overall health.
At what age do dogs start having health issues?
- Young dogs: Potential issues include parasites, infections, and developmental conditions.
- Middle age (5–7 years): Dental disease, obesity, and early signs of arthritis.
- Senior dogs (7+ years): Chronic conditions like arthritis, kidney disease, and heart problems.
Age related issues depend on breed and size. Larger breeds often age faster and develop conditions earlier than smaller breeds. Routine vet visits are essential throughout all life stages.
Can you use Preparation H on dogs?
Preparation H is not recommended for dogs without veterinary guidance. While it may reduce swelling or irritation temporarily, its ingredients can be harmful if ingested during licking or grooming. Dogs experiencing anal irritation or hemorrhoid-like symptoms should see a vet to address the root cause.
Is my dog sick or just tired?
Tiredness alone resolves with rest. Signs of illness include:
- Persistent lethargy: Unresponsive or uninterested in activities.
- Physical symptoms: Vomiting, diarrhea, or fever.
- Behavior changes: Clinginess, irritability, or hiding.
- Loss of appetite or hydration issues.
If symptoms persist or worsen, consult your vet.
Signs I should take my dog to the emergency vet?
Emergency signs include:
- Breathing issues: Difficulty or blue gums.
- Seizures: New or prolonged episodes.
- Severe vomiting/diarrhea: Especially with blood.
- Trauma or wounds: Bleeding, fractures, or visible injuries.
- Inability to urinate/defecate: Straining or pain.
- Toxin ingestion: Chocolate, chemicals, or plants.
- Sudden weakness: Collapse or fainting.
Seek immediate care if any of these occur.